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The Investor Sentiment - Equity and investments forum for Sri Lankans

The Lankan Investor Forum - A more respectable and reasonable place for members to discuss matters regarding the CSEThe Lankan Investor Forum - A more respectable and reasonable place for members to discuss matters regarding the CSE

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» CIFC Dumps to Expand Your Possibilities to Pass Your Exam
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyFri Jul 19, 2024 10:30 am by faithhharris

» CCS.N0000 ( Ceylon Cold Stores)
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» Sri Lanka plans to allow tourists from August, no mandatory quarantine
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» When Will It Be Safe To Invest In The Stock Market Again?
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyWed Apr 19, 2023 6:41 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» Dividend Announcements
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyWed Apr 12, 2023 5:41 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» MAINTENANCE NOTICE / නඩත්තු දැනුම්දීම
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyThu Apr 06, 2023 3:18 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

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Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyThu Mar 30, 2023 9:25 am by yellow knife

» Here's what blind prophet Baba Vanga predicted for 2016 and beyond: It's not good
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» The Korean Way !
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» In the Meantime Within Our Shores!
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyMon Mar 27, 2023 5:51 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

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» THE LANKA HOSPITALS CORPORATION PLC (LHCL.N0000)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyMon Mar 20, 2023 5:10 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» Equinox ( වසන්ත විෂුවය ) !
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» COMB.N0000 (Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Mar 19, 2023 4:11 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» REXP.N0000 (Richard Pieris Exports PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Mar 19, 2023 4:02 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» RICH.N0000 (Richard Pieris and Company PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Mar 19, 2023 3:53 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» Do You Have Computer Vision Syndrome?
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySat Mar 18, 2023 7:36 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» LAXAPANA BATTERIES PLC (LITE.N0000)
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» What a Bank Run ?
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» 104 Technical trading experiments by HUNTER
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» Cboe Volatility Index
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» AHPL.N0000
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Mar 12, 2023 4:46 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» TJL.N0000 (Tee Jey Lanka PLC.)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Mar 12, 2023 4:43 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

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Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Mar 12, 2023 4:41 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

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Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyFri Mar 10, 2023 4:43 pm by yellow knife

» Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency
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» CSD.N0000 (Seylan Developments PLC)
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» PLC.N0000 (People's Leasing and Finance PLC)
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» Bakery Products ?
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» NTB.N0000 (Nations Trust Bank PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Mar 05, 2023 7:24 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» Going South
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySat Mar 04, 2023 10:47 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» When Seagulls Follow the Trawler
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» Re-activating
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» අපි තමයි හොඳටම කරේ !
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» මේ අර් බුධය කිසිසේත්ම මා විසින් නිර්මාණය කල එකක් නොවේ
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyTue Jan 03, 2023 6:43 pm by ruwan326

» SAMP.N0000 (Sampath Bank PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyWed Nov 30, 2022 8:24 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» APLA.N0000 (ACL Plastics PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyFri Nov 18, 2022 7:49 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» AVOID FALLING INTO ALLURING WEEKEND FAMILY PACKAGES.
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyWed Nov 16, 2022 9:28 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» Banks, Finance & Insurance Sector Chart
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyTue Nov 15, 2022 5:26 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» VPEL.N0000 (Vallibel Power Erathna PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySun Nov 13, 2022 12:15 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» DEADLY COCKTAIL OF ISLAND MENTALITY AND PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER MIX.
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyMon Nov 07, 2022 6:36 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» WATA - Watawala
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySat Nov 05, 2022 8:44 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» KFP.N0000(Keels Food Products PLC)
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptySat Nov 05, 2022 8:42 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» Capital Trust Broker in difficulty?
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyFri Oct 21, 2022 5:25 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» IS PIRATING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY A BOON OR BANE?
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyThu Oct 20, 2022 10:13 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» What Industry Would You Choose to Focus?
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyTue Oct 11, 2022 6:39 pm by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

» Should I Stick Around, or Should I Follow Others' Lead?
Banking Sector - Page 2 EmptyTue Oct 11, 2022 9:07 am by කිත්සිරි ද සිල්වා

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24 posters

    Banking Sector

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    • Post n°26

    Banking Sector - Page 2 Empty Re: Banking Sector

    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 12:12 pm

    Like Goldilocks Japanese government learned that too many banks is bad..

    Therefore banks were forced to merge by passing the Banking Act.

    This simply opened the way for a few huge Zaibatsu ( Japanese term for Korean Chaebol ) banks to emerge. The four biggest ones came to control credit and its getting out of Government control.

    Goldilocks understand too little is also bad..

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    Japanese got into second world war and Military Dictators closely aligned to Zaibatus banks to get military equipment produced .
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    • Post n°27

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 12:42 pm

    Japanese lost the war, surrendered in 1945 and Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) altered the country's financial structure fundamentally.

    Zaibatsu ownership of banks were ended.

    The SCAP acquiesced in the setting up of a powerful Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI), which provided direction to the banking system.

    Bank ownership was distributed among diversified groups of corporate owners with the typical investor holding a fraction of 1%. This left MITI with no competitors in providing directions to the financial system.


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    • Post n°28

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 12:53 pm

    We Sri Lankans share a thinking of totally destroying and re-making...

    But the Japanese got the very best out of what SCAP left them. MITI , banking system all were utilized properly without destroying what is left..

    Earlier Regime of SL were merging banks and NBFIs. New regime immediately destroy that...

    The Japanese state exercised control over the banking system via a mechanism called re-discounting..

    In post-war Japan, qualification for re-discounts depended on the export performance and sector focus of the firm that commercial banks ultimately lent to.

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    • Post n°29

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 1:01 pm

    Japanese financial system was kept on a short , if gradually lengthening , leash for thirty years. MITI was controlling where the credit goes. It went to export oriented manufacturing


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    Japanese corporations depended on the banking system for 40-50% of their funding requirements. That was 30% in Germany and 20% or less in UK and US.
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    • Post n°30

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 2:16 pm

    MITI bureaucrats were able to develop industrial plans sector by sector in the knowledge that the banking system would deliver what they wanted.

    Corporations are like Children. During Infancy they need guide, control , support but the more they grow they seek independence.

    By mid 1980s Japanese well established firms were going global and finding funds at cheaper rates outside and .......


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    Akio Mortia of Sony got listed Sony in US stock exchange and wrote a book on How to get Listed in US, which paved way for other big companies to get listed in US and get zero cost funds.
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    • Post n°31

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 2:23 pm

    After three decades of dragging its heels in 1980 Japan lifted capital controls and then in 1985 bowed to US pressure over trade surplus and allowed yen to appreciate.

    Banks were deregulated. (Dog got out of leash )

    Money was freely flowing to non-productive assets. Real estate price was booming up... Stocks were creating bubble.

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    From the winter 1989-90 the asset bubble began to deflated and stock market index fell by three quarter and real estate value plummeted to rock bottom.

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    The eldest son of Nishiyama Koichi, the diary-writing Niigata farmer, lost the family's entire accumulated wealth playing in stock market.
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    • Post n°32

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 2:29 pm

    Above two charts send alarming signals for any developing nation that just try to follow IMF and to boom the economy by allow banks to fund Stock Purchases and Real estates


    Time to revisit bubbles

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    What Japan was developing till 1980 before deregulation of banks were real assets but after deregulating , was paper assets


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    • Post n°33

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 4:49 pm

    Lets again meet General Park Chun Hee...of South Korea with banking sector development


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    • Post n°34

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 4:50 pm

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    • Post n°35

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 4:50 pm

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    • Post n°36

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    Post by yellow knife Thu Nov 05, 2015 5:17 pm

    General Park Chun Hee believed in State Owned banks and that is one thing IMF never liked to see...

    Before moving further studying Korean Banks, lets have a look at the importance of Sri Lankan state banks...

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    • Post n°37

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    Post by yellow knife Fri Nov 06, 2015 2:40 pm

    In Japanese Golden Era of development, (1950-1980) the banks were kept in check,Central Bank re-discounting held banks on hook but inflation was held low and not much overseas borrowings taken.

    But Park Chun Hee's Korea was very aggressive. Re discounting of export loans were unlimited. In other words any bank that lent against exports as proven by a letter of credit from a foreign customer got almost as much as money back from the Central Bank in order to further expand its loan book.

    Unlimited re-discounting and printing money lead to inflation.

    As long as Korean firms were following the developmental plan and could sell their goods abroad, the banks were told to lend them.

    It was this funding context that exports rose an average 40% a year in the 1960s over 25% a year in 1970s, increasing from 3.4% of GDP in 1960 to 35% by 1980s.

    Meanwhile inflation averaged 15-20% annually.
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    • Post n°38

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    Post by yellow knife Mon Nov 09, 2015 1:00 pm

    Park Chun Hee re-nationalized all banks which were privatized in 1957.

    The cheaper loans went to exporters.

    Other favoured category of loans flew to industrial projects which have not yet commenced exporting


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    Many countries do not consider Export as a special priority for Lending as seen above of Indian AWPLR


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    • Post n°39

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    Post by yellow knife Mon Nov 09, 2015 2:16 pm

    What really happened in Korea is the depositors got minimal or nor interest at all. However, there was still money in the banks. The savings of the parsimonious government were kept there. The working capital accounts of large businesses remained there because otherwise they would not be eligible for cheap lending. And a part of household and small business savings was also deposited in the banking system for lousy terms, because the system was the only formal one available.

    The remaining chunk of private savings found its way into illegal but tolerated NBFI sector and known as Kerb Market.
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    • Post n°40

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    Post by yellow knife Wed Nov 11, 2015 10:10 am

    From 1974 to 1980 , at the height of Korean Heavy Industry drive the average real borrowing rate in the banking system was 6.7%.

    In the same country borrowing rate for consumption in the " Kerb Market " (illegal but tolerable NBFI sector ) was 18.5%.

    There were 221 different types of preferential loan for heavy industrialists.
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    • Post n°41

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    Post by yellow knife Wed Nov 11, 2015 10:24 am

    This resulted in forming the South Korea today.

    In Sri Lanka when we select the best Revenue makers as BOC, PB and the banking sector it is the manufacturing sector that comes in South Korea today..

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    South Korea’s got its eggs in two baskets

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    • Post n°42

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    Post by yellow knife Wed Nov 11, 2015 10:31 am

    Korean Development Bank, (KDB) increased its borrowings of cheaper funds offshore, the KDB increased guarantees for Chaebol to borrow international , turning a blind eye to the exchange rate risk.

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    • Post n°43

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    Post by yellow knife Wed Nov 11, 2015 11:41 am

    The IMF, WB and US government- the last of which provided vast amounts of aid to South Korea, did not like General Park's approach to financial management.


    When risk came home to roost in a major crisis that began in 1969, General Park, forgot his promise to US advisers to regard savers and price capital according to the market, enforcing a three year interest moratorium on kerb lenders that in effect made the general public bail out the industry. Ordinary Koreans provided most of the kerb's funds, while Chaebol sourced marginal loans there that they could not obtain from banks. By stopping payments on this high interest debt Park freed  up Chaebol funds to pay their bank debts, and prevented bank collapses. The public lost its interest income from the kerb market, while bank rates were cut again.

    =================================

    mor·a·to·ri·um
    ˌmôrəˈtôrēəm/
    noun
    noun: moratorium; plural noun: moratoria; plural noun: moratoriums


    In SL we heard this term Moratorium in 2008 when we were facing the Forth Eelam war, accompanied by Tea and Rubber price down.


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    • Post n°44

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    Post by yellow knife Wed Nov 11, 2015 11:44 am

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    • Post n°45

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    Post by yellow knife Wed Nov 11, 2015 12:32 pm

    Such conditions contributed to Korea having a somewhat lower rate of house-hold savings than Japan or Taiwan.

    But there was not the kind of collapse in individual saving that the many economists predicted.

    In par this was because savers  were less sensitive to deposit interest rates than the mathematical models favoured by economists assumes: savers focused instead on the need to hold money against future liabilities a state with little welfare. In par, the savings also held up because it was not easy to consume, especially if this involved using foreign exchange. Imported consumer goods were either banned or enormous expensive due to high tariff.
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    • Post n°46

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    Post by yellow knife Tue Dec 01, 2015 1:52 pm

    Its time to continue Banking Sector analysis that cover different banking practices of the world.

    We at Sri Lanka are happy to hear that EXIM bank will be incorporated .  Investment Banking, Hedge Funds, well developed derivative markets are yet to follow and adding Venture Capital is a  good move to be on the cards.

    =====================================

    In the 1960s and 1970s Korea had been the fasterest rate of foreign debt accumulation in the world. By 1985 Korea was the second most internationally indebted developing country after Brazil.

    However because of its emphasis on exports, Korea's foreing debt payments relative to its foreign exchange  earnings actually declined from 1970. Payments of interest and principal as a share of exports were 28% in that year and only 20% in the early 1980s.

    Export discipline was Korea's financial get-out of jail card.

    ==================================

    Today's daily mirror had an article with following chart.


    By Chandeepa Wettasinghe
    The government will be forced to delay the capital investment projects if the revenue targets outlined in the Budget are not met, the global credit rating agency, Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) warned.

    “If revenue underperforms during the year, as it has in the past two years, authorities may have to revisit investment plans to meet deficit targets, since recurrent expenses will be difficult to roll back,” a report said. - See more at: [You must be registered and logged in to see this link.]
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    • Post n°47

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    Post by yellow knife Tue Dec 01, 2015 2:21 pm

    Single Borrower Limit

    Traditionally banks are very conservative and prefer to diversify risk.

    This is how SBL is imposed in Sri Lanka and is a prudential measure.

    Risk Diversification
    Exposure Limits
    The Single Borrower Limit (SBL) for domestic
    LCBs and LSBs is 30% of the banks’ unimpaired
    capital (defined as Tier-1 capital and 50% of
    revaluation reserves). In order to further limit large
    exposures (and hence concentration risk), the
    aggregate of all loans/advances exceeding 15% of
    capital funds should not exceed 50% of the total
    advances of the bank

    ***************************************

    In South Korea Chaebols were very powerful that banks were compelled to grant them loans at cheap rates. With the Chabols both heavy and leveraged ( average debt was more than five times equity in the fifity biggest firms) the state banking system could no longer impose its will on businesses whose failure would bring down the banks itself. In the 1980s Chaebols started to buy small firms than competing with them and even banks funded that move.


    [You must be registered and logged in to see this image.] President Chun Doo Hwan

    The IMF, WB, the US government and gorup of Korean economists trained in US and becoming powerful in President Chun Doo Hwan era collectively argued that its time to deregulate finance industry. They got public support for curbing Chaebols.

    The banks were privatized with a maximum 8% shareholding by any one investor, whcih ensured some independent from Chaebol influence. However, the central government continued to set banks credit quotas and interest rate ceilings and to appoint senior managers.
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    • Post n°48

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    Post by yellow knife Tue Dec 01, 2015 2:41 pm

    Lets look at how the ownership % of a bank is practiced in different parts of the world and in Sri Lanka.

    =======================================

    regulations of maximum share ownership in banks are implemented in many countries through several methods, i.e., specific provisions in the banking laws specifying the limits, regulations issued by the regulators specifying the limits in terms of banking laws and guidelines issued by the regulators. However, country practices in regulation of share ownership show diverse literature where it is difficult to derive a standard international practice.
    Regulations in other country
    There are a large number of countries without such regulation as well. According to a survey of 157 countries conducted by the World Bank in 2003, 112 countries (71 percent) did not have any limitations on bank ownership. The remaining 45 countries (29 percent) implemented ownership limits ranging from five percent to 50 percent.
    Provisions in the
    Banking Act
    In terms of the Banking Act, which contains provisions relating to regulation of share ownership, the maximum limit of ownership in shares carrying voting rights that can be acquired or held by a single shareholder or a group of connected shareholders in a commercial bank without regulatory approval is 10 percent of the issued shares carrying voting rights.
    However, the Monetary Board of the Central Bank, with the concurrence of the Finance Minister, is empowered to permit any acquisition of shares in excess of 10 percent if such acquisition is in the interest of promotion of a safe, sound and stable banking system and fair competition prevailing in the banking system and such party or parties acquiring material interest are fit and proper persons. However, in the case of specialised bank, there is no such legal threshold for share ownership and the Monetary Board is empowered to determine such limits


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    • Post n°49

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    Post by yellow knife Tue Dec 01, 2015 2:43 pm

    The maximum percentage of ownership permitted in the issued share capital carrying voting rights in a bank will be 15 percent of the issued share capital (carrying voting rights). This limit will apply to acquisition or holding of shares by all categories of shareholders, individually or in a group (as specified in the Banking Act) whether acquired/held directly or indirectly or through a nominee or acting in concert with any other categories of shareholders. However, in the case of licensed commercial banks, to acquire shares carrying voting rights in excess of 10 percent requires prior approval of the Monetary Board given with the concurrence of Finance Minister

    Source

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    • Post n°50

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    Post by Ethical Trader Tue Dec 01, 2015 3:13 pm

    YK, you seems to be a professor in economics. Thanks. It is a very informative discussion. Carry on.
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